Margaret Atwood s The Handmaids Tale - 1793 Words

All things unseen: A lengthy analysis of color and clothing in Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"The Handmaids Tale† (IOP) Hello everyone! I’m Kealan Hennessy, and today my presentation is on an analysis of color and its uses in Margaret Atwood’s novel â€Å"The Handmaids Tale†. Colors are something often overlooked due to their naturally occurring nature; they are usually just simple, passive adjectives. Despite this common simplicity, in The Handmaids Tale Atwood uses color to a greater extent, to connect and insinuate rather than simply describe, thus using color to her advantage. Clothing is really the most significant use of color in the novel. Within the post-modern, highly structured and totalitarian regime of Gilead, men are divided into soldierly ranks with uniforms, while the women are instead grouped by their social status. Each of these separate social castes identify with a color. The wives of the Commanders don opulent blue dresses - the Marthas, or servants, wear green dresses. The poorer men’s Econowives wear blue and green striped dresses, the young daughters of the Commanders wear white, while the Aunts in charge of the Red Center wear brown dresses, and the handmaids of course wear red with their white winged hats. This is important for readers, as in Western society, we are used to thinking of clothing as the means by which we can express our individuality and personal style. What you wear helps reveal who you are, and Atwood is constantly exploiting this. By far the mostShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1357 Words   |  6 PagesOxford definition: â€Å"the advocacy of women s rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes† (Oxford dictionary). In the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood explores feminism through the themes of women’s bodies as political tools, the dynamics of rape culture and the society of complacency. Margaret Atwood was born in 1939, at the beginning of WWII, growing up in a time of fear. In the autumn of 1984, when she began writing The Handmaid’s Tale, she was living in West Berlin. The BerlinRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1249 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Research Essay: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood In the words of Erika Gottlieb With control of the past comes domination of the future. A dystopia reflects and discusses major tendencies in contemporary society. The Handmaid s Tale is a dystopian novel written by Margaret Atwood in 1985. The novel follows its protagonist Offred as she lives in a society focused on physical and spiritual oppression of the female identity. Within The Handmaid s Tale it is evident that through the explorationRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1060 Words   |  5 Pagesideologies that select groups of people are to be subjugated. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood plays on this idea dramatically: the novel describes the oppression of women in a totalitarian theocracy. Stripped of rights, fertile women become sex objects for the politically elite. These women, called the Handmaids, are forced to cover themselves and exist for the sole purpose of providing children. The Handmaid’s Tale highlights the issue of sexism while also providing a cruel insight into theRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbook The Handmaid s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the foremost theme is identity, due to the fact that the city where the entire novel takes place in, the city known as the Republic of Gilead, often shortened to Gilead, strips fertile women of their identities. Gilead is a society that demands the women who are able to have offspring be stripped of all the identity and rights. By demeaning these women, they no longer view themselves as an individual, but rather as a group- the group of Handmaids. It isRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1237 Words   |  5 Pages The display of a dystopian society is distinctively shown in The Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood. Featuring the Republic of Gilead, women are categorized by their differing statuses and readers get an insight into this twisted society through the lenses of the narrator; Offred. Categorized as a handmaid, Offred’s sole purpose in living is to simply and continuously play the role of a child-bearing vessel. That being the case, there is a persistent notion that is relatively brought up by thoseRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, The theme of gender, sexuality, and desire reigns throughout the novel as it follows the life of Offred and other characters. Attwood begins the novel with Offred, a first person narrator who feels as if she is misplaced when she is describing her sleeping scenery at the decaying school gymnasium. The narrator, Offred, explains how for her job she is assigned to a married Commander’s house where she is obligated to have sex with him on a daily basis, so thatRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood1629 Words   |  7 Pages Atwood s novel, The Handmaid s Tale depicts a not too futuristic society of Gilead, a society that overthrows the U.S. Government and institutes a totalitarian regime that seems to persecute women specifically. Told from the main character s point of view, Offred, explains the Gilead regime and its patriarchal views on some women, known as the handmaids, to a purely procreational function. The story is set the present tense in Gilead but frequently shifts to flashbacks in her time at the RedRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1256 Words   |  6 Pageshappened to Jews in Germany, slaves during Christopher Columbus’s days, slaves in the early 1900s in America, etc. When people systematically oppress one another, it leads to internal oppression of the oppressed. This is evident in Margaret Atwood’s book, The Handmaid’s Tale. This dystopian fiction book is about a young girl, Offred, who lives in Gilead, a dystopian society. Radical feminists complained about their old lifestyles, so in Gilead laws and rules are much different. For example, men cannotRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1540 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Nicole. Zeng Assignment: Summative written essay Date:11 May, 2015. Teacher: Dr. Strong. Handmaid’s Tale The literary masterpiece The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, is a story not unlike a cold fire; hope peeking through the miserable and meaningless world in which the protagonist gets trapped. The society depicts the discrimination towards femininity, blaming women for their low birth rate and taking away the right from the females to be educated ,forbidding them from readingRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1667 Words   |  7 Pagesrhetorical devices and figurative language, that he or she is using. The Handmaid’s Tale, which is written by Margaret Atwood, is the novel that the author uses several different devices and techniques to convey her attitude and her points of view by running the story with a narrator Offred, whose social status in the Republic of Gilead is Handmaid and who is belongings of the Commander. Atwood creates her novel The Handmaid’s Tale to be more powerful tones by using imagery to make a visibleness, hyperbole

Analysis Of The Term Captains Of Industry - 2304 Words

Thomas Carlyle coined the term Captains of Industry in his 1843 book â€Å"Past and Present† to describe forerunners in business which had accumulated vast personal fortunes and contributed positively to the country through some act. Amidst the second industrial revolution in America, names such as Vanderbilt (Rail), Carnegie (Steel), Rockefeller (Oil), Morgan (Electricity/Finance), and of course Henry Ford (Automobile) are often lionized for their achievements in building America into a modern day power. On the contrary, many of these same figures are also considered Robber Barons; industrialists that routinely cheat investors and consumers, monopolizing activities and perverting government officials by any means for the exploitation of profit. All that is, but Henry Ford. Indeed, damaging arguments could be made against the former Edison Illuminating Company machinist and Ford Motor Company founder, born July 30th, 1863. Religious activists could call Ford’s anti-Semitic comments through his ownership of The Dearborn Independent as the fuel to Hitler’s â€Å"Final Solution.† Some allege, although Ford deserves credit for his factories’ assistance in America’s armament of the Allies in World War II, but he also helped Ford subsidiaries re-tool their assembly lines for the Nazi war efforts in Germany as well. Environmentalists have a strong claim that Ford’s carbon footprint contributions are the root cause of the world’s current climate condition. And it is doubtful Ford’s sonShow MoreRelatedWEEK 2 Field Analysis Assignment1316 Words   |  6 Pages Week 2 Assignment Field Analysis Assignment Erika Ann Fowler Devry University Keller Graduate School of Management HRM 595: Negotiation Skills Professor Burnell Carden May 17, 2015 FIELD ANALYSIS UNDERSTANDING THE KEY PARTIES AND THEIR ROLE IN A NEGOTIATION General information and instructions: 1. Review text pages 137–139 in Chapter 4. These pages cover step 9 in the planning process, assessing the social context of negotiation. 2. The field analysis tool is helpful when negotiatorsRead MoreCaptain Ahab Had A Wife, By Lisa Norling1715 Words   |  7 PagesCaptain Ahab Had a Wife, by Lisa Norling, is a collection of ideas and information regarding women in the whaling industry in the seventeen and eighteen hundreds. Norling writes how women were affected by the whaling industry, they depended on society for stability, and often conformed to society s rules. The book is written to portray women during this time as resilient and capable of living in a man driven world. By recovering the stories of real maritime women, it enables to push beyond the stereotypicalRead MoreCultural Mirror And Hidden Intent1207 Words   |  5 Pageshistorical moment of production, analyzed in terms of the historical conditions that produced it†, Marx said. An analysis of comic books throughout the past, till the present day, proves the validity of his statement. Comic books have always acted as a tool of influence on the mas ses. Not only has race and representation always been one of the major topics to discuss in cultural studies, even the world of graphical comic art is very familiar with the same. Captain America Comics (1941) that depicted theRead MoreNetwork Design at Maersk Line is Transforming the World1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdatabase of fleet performance to enhance how its vessels were run. For instance, this data assisted captains in fine-tuning speeds and routes established on such elements as weather, tides, and port delays. It also permitted Maersk Line to offer fuel consumption benchmarks to its crews, so they could see how they equated comparative to the best performers. Fuel efficiency was also connected to reward for captains. Maersk Line was endlessly enhancing its system of departures, such that vessels were utilizedRead MoreCelebrity Cruises Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagescruisers, seasonal cruisers or frequent cruisers. Situation analysis In analyzing Celebrity’s internal macro-economic environment and the external micro-economic environment structure we will break down a fairly complex entity such as Celebrity Cruise lines to analyze their company separately from the position and performance also looking at a competitor analysis and a customer analysis. Company Analysis The goals and objectives of Celebrity cruise lines is to fulfill theRead MoreA Summary and Technical Analysis of the Under Armour, Inc. Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing to become one of the top companies in the industry. They are known for high-quality, innovative products that are giving athletes a competitive advantage. This paper describes the history of the company, analyzes the company’s performance and required rate of return, discusses the projected future growth rate of earning, values the company, and provides a recommendation to buy stock at the estimated price target of Keywords: stock analysis, return on equity, projected future growth rateRead MoreLehman Case Study Writeup Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Power and Influence Lehman Case Analysis Lewis Glucksman who scrapped his way up through Lehmans unprestigious but increasingly profitable stock-and bond trading department, was able to take control of the firm after a bitter power struggle against its former CEO, Peter Peterson. Glucksman was victorious in the end as he proved himself to be an indispensible part of Lehman’s operations. During the times leading up to the power struggle, the power dynamic within Lehman wasRead MoreResult of Overfishing in the Pacific Ocean1381 Words   |  5 PagesThe other notable effects of over-fishing in the Pacific Ocean include the fact that canneries are either reducing working hours or even shutting down due to the demand for fish while crews are increasingly being abandoned in foreign countries by captains. Therefore, over-fishing in the ocean has contributed to the incontrovertible evidence that the food is disappearing fast. This effect is particularly huge for many impoverished Pacific island nations since they use this as a major source of financeRead MoreJetBlue Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesreally stand out in an industry known for its negligible if not absent profitability (over the life of the industry), an industry fret with failure and infamously known for its horrendous labor-management relations? The Airline Industry is a fascinating market. It has been one of the few industries to reach astounding milestones. For example, over 200 airlines have gone out of business since deregulation occurred in 1978. Currently, more than 50% of the airlines in the industry are operating underRead MoreAboriginal People s Perception Of Aboriginal Peoples1527 Words   |  7 Pages‘Aboriginalism’ is a term that could hold many different meanings to a variety of people, simply because there is a uneducated understanding, disregard and ignorance in the way that Contemporary Australians know and recognize Indigenous Australia. Having previously understood Aboriginalism to be an identity aboriginals themselves identify to, and being further educated upon the term, ‘aboriginalism’ is now clarified to be a theory of Edward Said’s, in which it describes non-aboriginal people’s perception

The impact of parental involvement Free Essays

There is important research over the last 30 old ages affirms that parental engagement is a vehicle by which to raise academic accomplishment ( Hara, 1998 ) . Henderson and Berla ( 1994 ) reviewed 66 surveies of parental engagement and concluded, â€Å" Regardless of income, instruction degree or cultural background, all households can- and make lend to their kids ‘s success. † In the undermentioned extract from The Evidence Grows: Parent Involvement Improves Student Achievement, Anne Henderson ( 1987 ) summarises the decisions drawn from 52 surveies on the topic of parental engagement in secondary instruction: When parents show an involvement in their kids ‘s instruction and high outlooks for their public presentation, they are advancing attitudes that are keys to achievement, attitudes that can be formed independently of societal category or other external fortunes. We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of parental involvement or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is at this point that the school enters the image. Schools can promote parents to work with their kids and supply helpful information and accomplishments, thereby reenforcing a positive rhythm of development for both parents and pupils. The surveies show clearly that such intercession, whether based at place or at school, and whether begun before or after a kid starts school, has important, durable effectsaˆÂ ¦ The opposite, of class, will besides be true. If schools treat parents as unimportant, or as negative educational influences on their kids, or if they discourage parents from going involved, they promote the development of attitudes in the household that inhibit accomplishment at school. There is a direct nexus between parental engagement and kids ‘s higher accomplishments in linguistic communication and mathematics, registration in more ambitious programmes, greater academic continuity, better behavior, better societal and version to school, better attending and lower drop-out rates ( Heymann, 2000, Henderson A ; Mapp, 2002 ) . Cotton and Reed Wikelund ( 2001 ) identifies that all research surveies which focused on affectional steps found that parental engagement has a positive consequence on pupils attitudes and societal behavior. Parental engagement supports pupil acquisition, behavior and attitudes irrespective of factors such as parent ‘s income, educational degree and whether or non parents are employed. All parental engagement plants and works wellaˆÂ ¦ so disadvantaged kids have the most to derive from parent engagement programmes. In a study on the Educate Together Ethos and Parental Participation, Nugent and Mooney ( 2008 ) they province that when parents have the chance to take part in their kid ‘s instruction, there are benefits for both the kid ‘s cognitive development and their public presentation as scholars and their parents ‘ attitude to school. The benefits of parent engagement goes beyond instruction and includes societal and economic benefits ( OECD, 1997 ) . These include improved wellness benefits, a decrease in dependance on societal public assistance and degrees of offense ( Wolfe and Haveman, 2002 ) . The most interesting determination in the OECD 1997 Report highlights the comparatively untapped potency of parental instruction in helping parents from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds to back up their kids ‘s larning more efficaciously. It was noted that parental engagement can cut down exclusion and better equality. â€Å" Education is a powerful tool in the integrating procedure † ( OECD, The economic and societal facets of migration 2003 study ) . Research within 2nd degree instruction would bespeak that parents go less involved in their kid ‘s instruction as the kid gets older, there are many grounds for this: a more hard course of study, bigger schools – larger staff, location of the school, the kid is more independent etc. Recent pupils indicate that American instructors and educational psychologist topographic point great importance on parental engagement to promote educational results, peculiarly among deprived pupils ( Eccles A ; Harold, 1993 ; Jeynes, 2005a ; McBride A ; Lin, 1996 ) . The benefits of parental engagement are so great, parental and community engagement is used as a cardinal scheme in school effectivity. ( Smit and Driessen 2007 ) . The inquiry, therefore emerges: can parental engagement through the execution of the Academic Intervention Model ( AIM ) truly better the educational results of deprived pupils within Fairhill Community College? More specifically, this inquiry can be farther defined into four separate inquiries that are applicable to the writers country of research: To what grade is parental engagement associated with higher degrees of school accomplishment among deprived pupils registered on the AIM Programme? What aspects of parental engagement aid disadvantaged pupils the most: Can the Home School Completion Programme/Home School Liaison Officer positively influence parental engagement of deprived pupils? Does the relationship between parental engagement and academic accomplishment clasp across racial groups? How to cite The impact of parental involvement, Essay examples

Entrepreneurship and Study Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Study. Answer: Social entrepreneurship though lacks a coherent or rigorous definition has attracted the attention of social theorists, researchers and policy makers due to the inter-relation of social mission and business-like discipline that it involves (Chell et al. 2016). In social entrepreneurship, one addresses his/her social goals, the immediate social, cultural and environmental issues are addressed. In these organizations the economic activities are optimized for securing the best for the society. Often these organizations are partially depended on private sectors so that as a consequence both the parties are in an advantageous position. Any student with a keen interest in sociology will know that social entrepreneurship requires intense research which would be fundamental for the entrepreneurs to address the areas of distress. Social entrepreneurship is far more desirable than for-profit entrepreneurship, in my opinion, as it involves a thorough identification, critical analysis, evaluatio n and adequate usage of opportunities that will result in social development. An active social entrepreneur therefore in the first place, needs to adequately identify the opportunities to advance with the measures to meet the adequacies and requirements, eradication of social problems and creation of social values (Chell et al. 2016). The basic difference between social entrepreneurship and profit entrepreneurship according to my opinion is the methodological planning so as to spend minimum of resources to address the social problems by government, nonprofit and private business sectors. There has a major sprawling up of for-profit organizations with the aim of catering to social needs. It involves a rather subtle blend of profit and social objective. It is not much favorable in my opinion since for-profit entrepreneurship has very often resulted in conflicts regarding the amassment of profit and acquiring power within the social structure. The organizations which are created in leg al manner for serving social objectives apart from making an iota of profit for themselves sometimes result in profiting a single group of individuals at the cost of many. These ventures often measure their success in the light of impact that has been created rather than measuring it against a quantity of work. This is more than often due to a lapse in their decision making process and lack of inherent moral consciousness. One of the positive perspectives that I have gained in the area of entrepreneurship is that social entrepreneurship requires dedication and hard work. The mere usage of shrewdness can result in an absolute failure in the entire functioning of the organization. It is precisely due to this reason that a number of organization needed to go through a thorough scrutiny of financial records by a strict auditor. Whereas, in the sector of social entrepreneurship have held a record of functioning successfully with an adequate usage of data collection and storage creating a reputation for itself in the market. After studying in-depth the theories on entrepreneurship, I have realized that social entrepreneurship is more valuable in a society gripped with problems like starvation and death. I would definitely like to adhere by the principles of social entrepreneurship, honesty and integrity in the field of entrepreneurship. With the help of innovation, social entrepreneurs can both be considerable help to the society and invest practical solution within the social framework. My recent study on social entrepreneurship has made me realize that for the best implementation of societal change, social entrepreneurship is more desirable as for-profit entrepreneurship tends to get corrupted due to factors like money and ownership and liability (Chowdhury2017). In the domain of entrepreneurship high growth entrepreneurship aims for dominating the market and incurring profits. One of the many advantages of high growth entrepreneurship is that it creates employment opportunities in the given industrial sector (Phillips et al. 2015). As per data and records most of these high growth firms are young or start-ups and therefore require a careful marketing strategy to develop and function. High growth entrepreneurship has been stimulating the growth of new jobs and a strong competition in the market for survival, law and legislation and bankruptcy. As per data, a number of high-growth entrepreneurship has collapsed due to their inability to survive in the competitive market (KritiKoS 2014). However, it goes without saying that high growth entrepreneurs also face a high risk of failure and the challenge of surviving amidst difficult requirements of the market. Lifestyle entrepreneurship involves the entrepreneur is not as much as about making profi t as it revolves around changing ones lifestyle and patterns through the medium of business. It revolves around the personal perspective and outlook of the individual which remains at the heart of decision making (Gomez-Breysse 2016). As far as my choices are concerned I would comply with lifestyle entrepreneurship over high-profit entrepreneurship. My new learning on the subject of entrepreneurship has helped me to understand that lifestyle entrepreneurship requires a far greater involvement of ones talents and involvement with the society which can be advantageous while addressing or eradicating social issues. As Baumeister claim, one can only address social problems when one truly sees himself/herself in relation to the other people, when the individual integrates himself within the surrounding culture, he/she can work for the society (KritiKoS 2014). As it is, lifestyle entrepreneurship is more passion driven which is a fundamental aspect of entrepreneurship as I have learnt dur ing my study. High growth entrepreneurship can furthermore witness in restructuring and therefore deviating away from their true purpose, since they are more profit-oriented. References: Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: Does social equal ethical?.Journal of business ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Chowdhury, F.N., 2017. A Study of Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh: Pros and Cons.Journal of Asian Scientific Research,7(1), p.1. Dees, J.G., 2017. 1 The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. InCase Studies in Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainability(pp. 34-42). Routledge. Dentchev, N., Baumgartner, R., Dieleman, H., Jhannsdttir, L., Jonker, J., Nyberg, T., Rauter, R., Rosano, M., Snihur, Y., Tang, X. and van Hoof, B., 2016. Embracing the variety of sustainable business models: social entrepreneurship, corporate intrapreneurship, creativity, innovation, and other approaches to sustainability challenges.Journal of Cleaner Production. Gomez-Breysse, M., 2016. The Lifestyle Entrepreneur.Revue de lEntrepreneuriat,15(3), pp.231-256. KritiKoS, A.S., 2014. Entrepreneurs and their impact on jobs and economic growth.IZA world of labor. Masurel, E. and Snellenberg, R., 2017. Does the lifestyle entrepreneur exists? An analysis of lifestyle entrepreneurs compared with other entrepreneurs on the basis of the development of entrepreneurial competences.Research Memorandum, p.1. Phillips, W., Lee, H., Ghobadian, A., ORegan, N. and James, P., 2015. Social innovation and social entrepreneurship: A systematic review.Group Organization Management,40(3), pp.428-461.

Sport In College Essays - Nelle A. Coley, Pedagogy,

Sport In College Imagine yourself, if you can, strapping up a helmet before the big game, stretching your legs out before the 600 meter rely, or taking a few warm up swings before you step up into the batter's box. There are probably a lot of things going through that stubborn head of yours. Now imagine those same things with the thought of having to think of how you will make time to study for the big biology exam the following day. All right now you can quit imagining things. Thousands of student athletes have to deal with this day in and day out. I am just a regular college student here at Appalachian, but if things would have gone differently I would have had a place on the sideline in Carter Finely Stadium. That gave me a flaming desire to find out how much harder it is to study, have a social life, be an athlete, and be successful at all three. I interviewed someone whom I call a good friend, Arron Dobbings from Nebraska. He will be the starting full back for the Mountaineers in the up coming season. I want to find out precisely how much more difficult it is to be a successful college athlete, in comparison to being a regular college student like myself. During the planning stages of this interview, I was having thoughts of long bus rides to and from the sporting events, long rigorous practices, and obscene amounts of make up work to finish when you get home. I started to tell myself that I could probably go right ahead and write this paper without taking any valuable time out of my schedule to do the interview. As soon as that thought crossed through the mounded up cob webs in my forsaken mind, a saying that my dad preached to me came following behind, If some thing is not worth doing right, it is not worth doing at all. I am sure everyone has heard that one. Guess what? I picked up the phone and called Arron. We decided to meet at a well-known hub here in Boone called Mackadoo's at six o'clock on the following Monday. Right after we ordered our dinner I went ahead and started asking the questions that I thought would give me the answers that I was looking for. Why else would I have set up this interview? My first questions were getting to know you questions or "Ice Breaker" if you will. I asked Arron, "Is Appalachian the first institution that you have attended?" With that one little question I found out that my interviewee had attended a small college in Nebraska called Dana. His one year there was the worst one year of his life it seemed. If he had it his way he would never go anywhere close to that little institution again. He went ahead and answered a few of the follow up questions that I had, without me even asking them, such as telling me that he started his football college career at Dana and that Dana is a Christian-based college that really doesn't care about sports, just books. After that one fallen from favor year at Dana he transferred to Appalachian. At the close of this drawn-out semester he will have completed his first year here, and he will be craving for the next to begin. Next, I wanted to find out what kinds of restraints are placed on a college athlete's social life. Arron was pretty eager to tell me about this, as if he wanted me to ask him about it. He started by telling me, "You should know that; I always am telling you; No, I have to get up early in the morning, or I can't go eat dinner, I have film session at 5:00." He began to show me through his own words how much less time he has to devote to his friends because of his commitment to the title "College Athlete". As we moved on through the interview I now wanted to find out about the hindrances on his studies. Arron is majoring in criminal justice, and let me tell you, with this man's stature, I would not want to mess with him in a dark alley when he is angry. When I asked him, "How do you balance your time between your workouts and studies?" His answer to me was, "Time management plays a key role. I make time before I go to bed to write

The high demand of nursing careers for the future of healthcare

The high demand of nursing careers for the future of healthcare In healthcare, the nursing profession is constantly growing. Nurses are in demand and they are the largest segment of the  healthcare workforce. As the nursing field expands with innovation and technology the demands for nursing is also evolving. The infographic below shows how the future of nursing is transforming and how to keep up in the field.Source [ Institute Of Medicine ]

Art Review on Piece of Art Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Review on Piece of Art Work - Essay Example The woman in the piece equally has two necklaces that appear modern and trendy. The artist has also chosen to have the piece in black and white. Significance of the title The title Walks like a Duck, Quacks like a Duck’ is significant in its ability to draw attention to the piece because of its catchiness. It is not only catchy in rhymes that denote it but also prompts an observer to find deeper meaning on the work of art by provoking comparisons between quacking and the female body, that makes a significant part of the piece. The title is vague enough to elicit mixed interpretations yet narrow in an artistic way to provide a first impression opinion on the piece (Arnason & Mansfield, 2010). Attraction to the work The attraction to the work was from the unique combination of the hand and a woman’s upper body in the piece. On close examination, further interests grew in the sign symbol of the ‘head hand’ that aroused a connection between the piece and its ti tle. The combination opens the piece to a broad interpretation on whether the piece depicts woman as quacking ducks or have duck tendencies or if there is a deeper meaning than the gender issue in the work. On first observation, the piece may be interpreted as an illustration of modern women who whine and yap without much substance. From this perspective, the piece gives a picture of traditional stereotypes in modern women. Since time immemorial, women have been regarded as poor managers of their tongue with men depicted as more reasonable and laid back. This has an element of truth depending on one’s point of view; feminists totally disagree with the traditional depiction of women as loose talkers and lifetime gossipers while men have always seen their female counterparts as â€Å"mouths first and brains later† to imply that they usually talk without giving much thoughts to their utterances. Research has a revealed that a man uses about 15000 words per day while woman uses 30000 within the same day. I f this finding is true, then, feminists must agree with their male counterparts that women are indeed more talk and less thought as stereotyped by art the society (Butler & Mark, 2007). The modern woman is said to said to a more serious talker than her previous predecessors, this is subject to debate but should it be true, which it most likely is, then the piece lives to its title of ‘walks like a duck, quacks like a duck’. Art from the days of Leonardo Da Vinci, has been used to depict significant events and changes in a society, even to this date, art still serves that function and contemporary artists, in as much as they may not use expensive and different colure tones, still use art work to pass important messages. From graffiti to modern painting, 21st century art is achieving similar results in terms of conveying messages like the ancient artists (Robertson & McDaniel, 2010). The piece under review gives a clear picture of the mo dern trends as seen in the woman’s dress code with the hand symbolizing the changing traits of a modern woman. Traditionally women were meant to be submissive to their husbands and take second place after them. That is not the same anymore with women stepping up and being very vocal on issues that were traditionally handled by men. The modern woman knows her rights, dresses as she pleases and fights for masculine positions that were in the past left for men with her male counterparts. The piece by the Andrew Stenehjem therefore

Examine Child Protection with a view to analysing and evaluating it in Essay

Examine Child Protection with a view to analysing and evaluating it in relation to Every Child Matters - Essay Example The program also intends to place the responsibility of child protection across all involved agencies. Finally, to prime the involved institutions to come up with solutions tailored to suit the unique circumstances of each case. Viewing this comprehensive child development program from a historical perspective gives us a better understanding of some of these objectives. For example, weak accountability and poor integration had for long been the bane of the support systems of yesteryears. Poor co-ordination and low standards of accountability had led to public distrust with these institutions. The various component agencies were not properly integrated which resulted in inefficiency and redundancy. For instance, â€Å"some children are assessed many times by different agencies and despite this may get no services. Children may experience a range of professionals involved in their lives but little continuity and consistency of support.† (Youth Justice: The Next Steps) Another area of concern with the older system was the general sense of apathy on part of child health-care professional. Unless health-care professionals approach their work with dedication and compassion, their effectiveness is always going to be sub-standard. Hence, the Every Child Matters program proposes ways in which a career in child-care is seen as attractive by the professionals. The cultural norms of the English society is as much to blame for this situation; as the roles assumed by child-care workers largely goes unappreciated and undervalued. This is reflected in the fact that for long the national vacancy rate in these services had hovered around the 10 percent mark, which is one of the highest in the industrial world. The relation between socio-economic background and child delinquency is an acknowledged fact. Hence, the government had realised that child protection should consider this important aspect of a child’s life as well. The

Environment Scanning Report for Etihad Assignment - 1

Environment Scanning Report for Etihad - Assignment Example In order to tackle this possible issue, the government, the air industry and other teams that are related to the regulation of the air industry must take actions in advance. It will not be an easy task for the UAE air industry to handle such a large number of movements of airplane and therefore the government should take some action in advance either by dividing the industry into further branches to meet the challenges or putting new institution for the regulation. UAE’s aviation sector is one of the booming air carrier fleets. It has taken a great part in expanding UAE’s economy by generating huge revenues as well as creating lots of opportunities in the sector. These endeavors are very important in when UAE is making strenuous effort to free itself from dependence on diminishing oil reserves (broadening Economic base). Etihad also has to face severe competition with rival regional competitors of neighboring countries and also with the global competitors. In a case of inability in meeting the expected demands, UAE’s aviation agency will not be able to sustain its growth and market share. The huge contribution to the country’s economy every year will be put into halt resulting bad impact on the overall growth of the country. Other competing aviation agencies in the region which include Qatar Airways and others are also expanding their business, which will result in loss in regional and global market share. In order to meet the goal of the industry-government, industrial stakeholders, and regulators to work together to ensure that Etihad meet the expected growth rate. Similarly, air traffic problem is a growing concern in the Middle East. For this reason, Etihad and UAE should work in close collaboration with neighboring partner countries to make air traffic more harmonious and smooth in the region by upgrading the air traffic system. (Gulfnews.com,

Influence Of Hard Rock Music Media Essay

Influence Of Hard Rock Music Media Essay Hard rock music is a type of music that is characterized by heavy use of drums, bass and electric guitar. The music is observed to have its origin in the United States and United Kingdom in 1960s. Susan (2001), and Andrew (2007), indicate that the music has borrowed its style from the other music such as rock music, rock and roll and blues rock music. The music is characterized to be so loud and aggressive. It was sometimes called cock rock because historically, it has been played by the male species to emphasize masculinity. Its crowd is usually made of the adolescent whites who are of working class. In the late 1096s, hard rock was also referred to as heavy metal but the term did not last long as bands came up with distinctions between the two types of rock music. It was noted that heavy metal was played at higher volume, pitch and intensity than the hard rock music. In the early 1970s the heavy metal took the darker side and developed some minor genres such as hard core punk and extreme metal, and this characteristics differentiated the two types of music. In the mid 1960s, the American British Bands made the efforts to make some modifications in the rock and roll music. They introduced heavier guitar use, more loud and bombastic drumming and hard sounds on the standard music and this made it different from soft blues. Examples of the hard rock music that were developed include (I cant get no) satisfaction which was sang by the Rolling Stones in 1965, You really got me bad sang by the Kinks in the year 1964 and My who sang by Who in the year 1965. From the above discoveries, it was now possible to differentiate the music as either hard or soft music. Soft music involved more emphasis on the harmony of the song and its melody but hard music had more emphasis put on the instruments that accompanied the music and melody (Mick and Gianni, 2003). Some of the bands that emerged to sing this type of music includes; Blue Cheer, Iron Butterfly, Vanilla Fudge and MC5. As time passed on, more bands were developed and other even mixed the two types of music (mixed early rock bands music and hard blue rocks). Examples of such bands included the Led Zeppelin, Judas Priest and Black Sabbath. In the year 1972, Alice Cooper received credit on producing top ten hard rock albums in the United States. In the year 1974 onwards to 1975, some bands from Canada came up with distinctively hard rock music and released albums (with songs such as fly by night, caress of steel and rush) that were played in Britain and United States. Glen et al (2006) noted that the music continued to be modified by more bands that emerged afterwards until there was a differentiation between heavy metal music and hard rock music. In the 1990s, the hard rock music became so dominant in the United States charts. In the year 2000s, Peter (2003), observed that very few bands from 1970s and 1990s had managed to survive recording hard music. Some of the existing bands that survived into the 2000 era and onwards include; Bon Jovi, Aerosmith, The Who and The Black Sabbath. The era has also seen the emergence of more rock genres such as post punk, metal genres and the garage rock music and bands like Wolfmother. Influence of hard rock music According to Smith and Boyson (2002), music has been seen to be one of a factor that has consequential effects to the one listening. Majorly, it is assumed that those who listen to rock music are harsh, aggressive and arrogant in real life. Masling (2002) indicates that most parents and society norms warn their adolescents against listening to rock music. However, this is not always the case as is to be seen. Although hard rock music is observed to initiate violence in individuals, Masling (2002), noted that most of the rock music melodies contained a message that could change someones lifestyle. He noted that most of rock music feature on love and peace as its main themes. Rock musicians have been known to talk about social issues that affect a nation or its citizens. Some of inspiring songs were heard during the Vietnam War and the songs were sang musicians such as Bob Dylan and John Lennon. Susan (2001) noted that most of the songs had protests message against violence and encoura ged people to kip the environment clean. Some of them have even undertaken the responsibility to perform charity services and at the same time preaching the message using their songs (Glen, 2006). Glen (2006), has also noted that some rock music have been developed and they posses strong Christian values. However, a few Christians are still against the music claiming that the beats and styles used are immoral, satanic and are too sensual to be listened in the church. Thus, according to them, any song that is in the Rock, Reggae or Hip-hop genre is satanic regardless of the lyrics in the music. It has been estimated that violence acts and aggression are can be found in almost 70% of rock music and raps (Barongan and Nagayama, 2005). There were also evidence that most people who listened to these types of music displayed violent behaviors to their spouses (women especially). According to Nicholas and Dibben (2001), a brief exposure to a violent music video or listening to the music for just 10 minutes would change the emotions of an individual. Most of the percentage have been said to change the person negatively. An archival research performed by Atkin et al (2002), indicated that listening and watching to rock music attributed to more violence, aggressiveness and use of explicit language. Emotionally, Nicholas and Dibben (2001), depicts that soft music invokes a positive thought in an individual while listening to a hard rock music invokes negative emotions. According to Atkin et al (2002), some rock singers confuse its singers by the lyrics they compose. He noted that some famous musicians contradicted themselves when they released a song that illustrated non-existence of God, meaning they are atheist in nature. This can be influential to their fans that may end up believing in what they sing about. An example is John Lennon who sang the song Imagin (the song described that the world would be a better place without religion). American Psychological Association (2002) observed that most rock musicians love being identified as unique and standing out. Most of them isolate themselves and even use drugs to make their life different from a normal individual. Most of the musicians depict a lifestyle that is characterized by drugs and sex. They were known to attract attention of young girls groupies who later developed to become prostitutes as a result. They were also characterized by a hard drinking habits and lack of order in what they do. Masling (2002) depicts that the bands were influential to the young youths who still were naÃÆ'Â ¯ve and they followed everything they saw and heard. Some bands used satanic imageries and this influenced the viewers too. As they appreciate their stars, they also appreciate the images they use in their music. To conclude, music is defined by the type of message and comfort one derives after listening to it. Todays society is not happy with the hard rock music and its effects. From above explanations, it is noted that hard rock music has more harm than good to our society. It is the responsibility of parents and the community to educate their children on the need to watch out on the type of music they listen to as it may have permanent effects in their lives.

The Economics of Despair :: essays research papers

Since the late 1970s, social science researchers, the media, private foundations, and policymakers have directed considerable attention to the labor market problems of young adults and their families. Most of this attention has focused on high school dropouts, the poor, minorities, and inner-city youth. But an equally troubling—and broader—problem has received comparatively less notice: the steep and sustained decline since 1973 in the real (inflation-adjusted) earnings of young men and women generally. Even adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the labor market problems of young workers are disproportionately severe—they include higher than average unemployment and relatively low earnings when employed. This sustained drop in earnings has been especially dramatic for young adults with no postsecondary school education. Most proposed remedies have emphasized the quality of the labor supply. But improving education and training, while often worthwhile and necessary, is not by itself sufficient to raise earnings. If this downward trend, which has persisted through recession and recovery alike, is to be reversed, then policymakers and educators must address the demand side as well as the supply side. Raising young adult wages will require not only better academic performance, training, apprenticeships, and school-to-work programs, but also full-employment policies, changes in the configuration of jobs and careers, and larger young adult union membership. Prior to 1973, the annual and weekly earnings of both young adults and older workers had been improving markedly. Between 1967 (the year the Bureau of Labor Statistics began tracking weekly earnings of wage and salary workers) and 1973, the real median weekly earnings of 16- to 24-year-olds rose by approx i mately 8 percent. Since 1973, however, the ea rnings of young adults have fallen almost continuously. Between 1973 and 1979, the weekly earnings of young men working full time fell by 7 percent. Young men experienced a 19 percent decline in earnings (a real value of $72 per week) between 1979 and 1989. This decline cannot be attributed solely to business cycle contractions. About half of the 19 percent decline did take place during the recessionary period of 1979-1982. But between 1982 and 1989, a period of strong overall job growth, the weekly earnings of young men fell by another $33, or 9 percent. Earnings declined still more between 1989 and 1994, dropping yet another 9 percent. The result of all this decline? A young man under 25 years of age employed full time in 1994 earned 31 percent less per week than what his same-aged counterpart earned in 1973.

Mittal Steel in 2006

Mittal Steal in 2006: Changing the Global Steel Game Industry Analysis Although steel was a highly demanded good, the industry as a whole was largely unprofitable. One reason for this was that the industry remained highly fragmented in contrast to their suppliers and even some of their buyers, who were considerably more consolidated. Aside from the increased competition that fragmentation contributed to, it also degraded the steal industry’s bargaining power to raw material suppliers and in some cases, such as the auto industry, the buyers.The resulting high fixed costs, volatile raw material prices, and intense price competition fueled unstable profitability. Adding to the fragmentation issues was a lack of differentiation in the market. For the longest time there were really only two production possibilities. One, being vertically integrated and producing higher-grade steel at a higher cost of operation, or two, de-verticalize and focus on low cost, low-grade steel productio n. Depending on the production selected, the resulting accessible customer base was limited.This lack of differentiation further fueled the limited bargaining power of steel manufacturers. As stated above, steel was highly demanded. The problem was that the growth of that demand remained quite stagnate for nearly 20 years. It wasn’t until the explosion of growth in the Chinese construction industry, attributing to 25% of total steel consumption, that the steel industry saw any profitability. In an industry where customers demand a low cost and a consistent product, being able to maintain a reliable supply while being as cost efficient as possible was key to a firms success.Though there was a spike in Chinese demand, only those strategically positioned could access the true value of the Chinese market. This was because the steel industry operated primarily on an intra-regional basis. Many factors attributed to this, but a firm’s dependence on raw material access, and tr ying to avoid high transportation and tariff costs, as well as delivery lags, were the primary reasons for high regional trade. In order to access the benefits of regional trade, firms had to expand their operations through high FDI in the form of M&A’s.This gained them access to highly profitable regions and it allowed firms to spread their risk over a larger area, reducing the impact of demand fluctuations in one particular region. The reason many of these M&A opportunities existed was because of a major shit from government owned steel plants to privatization. Through privatization, FDI opportunities became possible in many countries, thus make intra-regional trade more accessible and attractive. Consolidation & Integration Recognizing that the dynamics of the market were changing, LNM was quick to take advantage.He was steadfast in his belief that they only way to create sustained success was through consolidation and integration. With increased privatization opportunitie s available, LNM began a series of M&A’s that would gain him access to regions that were highly profitable, had lower labor costs, and would position him to have higher bargaining power with suppliers. LNM made the first moves in the industry toward consolidation, and was this strategic initiative that has since driven the evolution of the industry to where it is today.A major source of value creation was derived from their technological lead in DRI. LNM decided early on to focus their operations around â€Å"integrated minimills†, which was untraditional at the time. Through this structure he was able to capture the maximum value of his operation, using scrap in the minimills, then reverse integrating into DRI. Once unreliable, DRI technology had advanced so much that it’s output was now comparable to the quality of integrated steel plants.This technology stronghold provided them better quality steel at a cheaper cost of production, providing them with a huge c ompetitive advantage. Additionally, It was this technology, aided by a proven SWAT team and protocol, which supported their ability to transform underperforming government owned plants to profitable ones in a short period. LMN’s initial approach was to resurrect distressed government owed plants then breath new life into them through technology sharing and smart practices.He soon sought larger targets that would provide him not only economies of scale, but also provide competitive advantages through geographic scope. Starting with Karmet, he began to shift his targeting toward plants that were either highly integrated, possessed significant mineral rights, or supplied a strategic geographic advantage. Through designing their activity architecture in this way, Mittal steel became the world's largest and most integrated steelmaker; providing strong positions in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.The result of their strategic positioning, combined with their focus of coordi nation through KIP and KMP, made Mittal the first firm in the industry to operate as a transnational organization. Each plant provided its own uniqueness, providing different capabilities and skills that could be harnessed for the good of the whole organization. There was also a heavy flow of people, materials and finances between the interdependent plants, but at the center of it all was the Mittal Steel directing tight coordination and a shared strategic decision making process. On a regional level, they operated through regional hubs.This allows Mittal’s positioning of adjacent plants to source from the same suppliers, increasing their bargaining power and reliability of supply, while not jeopardizing cannibalism of sales as each plant’s customer base was unique to their location. Mittal’s vertical integration in mining and low cost position helps support profitability and helps to  reduce capital expenditure needs. They are the most diversified steel  co mpany in the world in terms of asset  location and market presence. They also have a diverse product range, including both flat and long steel.As such, Mittal is not overly dependent on any single  region, product, or end market. These benefits are somewhat mitigated however by the risks associated with Mittal’s rapid expansion through acquisitions. These include such things as institutional risks associated with emerging markets and uncertainties regarding the integration of newly acquired assets, although Mittal's  integration track record has been successful to date. Arcelor Acquisition In light of the above information, I believe that Mittal should pursue the Arcelor acquisition aggressively.Mittal Steel & Arcelor complement each other in terms of geographical coverage and product mix, as there is no significant overlap. Mittal has strong positions in the U. S. market; low-cost operations in Central and  Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa; and vertical raw-material i ntegration. Arcelor is the leader in higher value-added products with strongholds in Western Europe and Brazil, as well as a focus on Russia, India, and China. I believe that the positioning of Arcelor’s plants and resource capabilities would integrate nicely to Mittal’s activity architecture.There would be very minimal duplications of effort, and many of the regions that Arcelor operates are in prime locations to source raw materials. The addition will only strengthen Mittal’s integrated transnational value chain. Through acquisition, Mittal would produce nearly 110 million tonnes of steel per year, making them three times as large than their next competitor. Although this can lead to diseconomies of scale, in Mittal’s case, as the largest player in the steel industry both globally and in the key markets, the combined group would enjoy significant bargaining power.Additionally, through shared expertise, the combined entity would be in a better position t o develop the high growth region of China and South East Asia. Arcelor’s alliance with Nippon and Mittal’s acquisition of Karmet and stake in Valin will provide access to critical Asian markets. Regardless of the â€Å"synergies† the acquisition will create, caution still needs to be exercised by Mittal. There are evident signs that the acquisition will not be welcomed by Arcelor, assuming that Mr. Dolle’s canceled meeting and unreturned phone call was an indication to his temperature on the proposal.If the acquisition turned hostile there is a good chance Mittal would have to overpay for Arcelor, which could have adverse affects to it investment ratings. At the current bid price Mittal would already have to leverage â‚ ¬5 billion and would be in debt by â‚ ¬11. 5 billion. Although they have a good track record of ROI and the industry as a whole has seen a spike in ROIC, they do not want to spend more than they have to. Despite the favorable history and perceived synergies, Mittal should pay at a maximum â‚ ¬27. 1 billion for the deal. They should obviously try to pay as close to the current bid as possible, but at â‚ ¬27. billion they are still in a position where they could access the capital needed given their successful history. Also, at the mark of â‚ ¬27. 1 billion their debt would raise to â‚ ¬20 billion, but with an EBITDA of over â‚ ¬5. 5 billion annually, not to mention the added revenues from the acquisition, the debt could be confidently paid off in a reasonable timeframe. If the bidding exceeds the mark of â‚ ¬27. 1 billion, the negotiations should be ceased and Mittal should pursue other opportunities to continue their global footprint expansion.

Effect of publication to renaissance culture essays

Effect of publication to renaissance culture essays Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) once said, Knowledge and human power are synonymous. Perhaps most definitive of the span of time from 1450-1600 is the shift of human power, and the most significant aspect of development the expansion of the collective knowledge of the common people. The circulation of this knowledge brought huge cultural impacts and defines what today is embraced in concepts of reality. While the year 1492 is often linked with the birth of the modern world, it was forty years prior when the original dawn began. In the early to late Middle Ages, publication and text circulation was of purpose solely for the institution of the Church. Such publication took place in monasteries across Europe as an act of religious devotion. Creation would often take over a year, and was viewed as an art form in the presentation of spirituality and God, no two works alike. These manuscripts had little influence on the common society in Europe, and rather were unseen in the massive libraries of the monastery to which few had access. Originally, books were far too valuable to expand to the general public, thus there was no way to use these works for scholarship. The work of the monks did not expand beyond the world of the Church. The seclusion of text circulation to the Church aided to maintaining its continual position of power. It was only in the Church that a Bible could be viewed and only through words of the priest that it could be understood. At some point, there was a shift away from religious focus that facilitated itself in the developing universities. A new relationship with books was developing and new demands being created. Books focused on more secular subjects were available for copying, and while tedious and erroneous, this process allowed for a spreading and development of ideas that had not occurred since the days of the great ancient world. A new emphasis in acquiring knowledge outside of religio...

Free Essays on Kids Killing Kids

Kids Killing Kids â€Å"One in twelve high school students is threatened or injured with a weapon each year† (APA Warning Signs). There are more incidents of children killing children in school then ever before. It is not only happening in high schools, but also in elementary schools. The blame cannot just be put upon the students in schools, but also their parents. Schools were known to be a safe place where parents sent their loved ones, but now schools are no longer safe. I believe that teachers need to be better prepared for situations, such as shootings, in order to improve the safety of schools. There is no age limit when it comes to gun violence in schools. It is now affecting elementary schools. â€Å"In Flint, Michigan, a six year old boy brought a pistol to school, then shot and killed a six year old girl† (Gray). These children were both attending the first grade. Concern for tougher laws on the purchasing of guns is now being looked at further. We live in a society today where six-year-old children go to school carrying loaded weapons. Where are the parents? They are obviously not being responsible adults, so now is the time for the government to stop the violence amongst minors. How many children have to die before someone will have the good sense to stop all of these innocent deaths. High School students, elementary school students and the parents of those students are bringing guns to school? â€Å"A father fired a gun in a busy High School parking lot at a student who had a fight with his sixteen year old son over a hat† (When Kids Kill). Irresponsible and unintelligent parents are now being considered the cause of school violence. Parents are not acting as good role models for their children. They are not showing children the correct way to act in school, but are displaying behaviors that give children the idea that guns are a way to settle problems. â€Å"Columbine was the first to strike the hea... Free Essays on Kids Killing Kids Free Essays on Kids Killing Kids Kids Killing Kids â€Å"One in twelve high school students is threatened or injured with a weapon each year† (APA Warning Signs). There are more incidents of children killing children in school then ever before. It is not only happening in high schools, but also in elementary schools. The blame cannot just be put upon the students in schools, but also their parents. Schools were known to be a safe place where parents sent their loved ones, but now schools are no longer safe. I believe that teachers need to be better prepared for situations, such as shootings, in order to improve the safety of schools. There is no age limit when it comes to gun violence in schools. It is now affecting elementary schools. â€Å"In Flint, Michigan, a six year old boy brought a pistol to school, then shot and killed a six year old girl† (Gray). These children were both attending the first grade. Concern for tougher laws on the purchasing of guns is now being looked at further. We live in a society today where six-year-old children go to school carrying loaded weapons. Where are the parents? They are obviously not being responsible adults, so now is the time for the government to stop the violence amongst minors. How many children have to die before someone will have the good sense to stop all of these innocent deaths. High School students, elementary school students and the parents of those students are bringing guns to school? â€Å"A father fired a gun in a busy High School parking lot at a student who had a fight with his sixteen year old son over a hat† (When Kids Kill). Irresponsible and unintelligent parents are now being considered the cause of school violence. Parents are not acting as good role models for their children. They are not showing children the correct way to act in school, but are displaying behaviors that give children the idea that guns are a way to settle problems. â€Å"Columbine was the first to strike the hea...

Internet shopping is the high street store doomed Coursework

Internet shopping is the high street store doomed - Coursework Example The use of the Internet for purchasing goods and services has enormous potential. The Internet enables consumers to shop or do transactions 24 hours a day, all year around from almost any location. It also provides consumers more choices and allows them to have quick comparisons. Moreover, it allows consumers to interact, exchange ideas, and to compare experiences with other customers in the electronic communities. Though the Internet offers a range of advantages that collectively have been shown to be important enough to attract massive interest, recent surveys demonstrated that the penetration rate of Internet shopping remains low. According to online industry body Interactive Media Retail Group, internet shopping sales rose from 300m in 1999 to 14.5bn in 20041. This trend looks set to continue. According to market analysts Verdict, online shopping was the quickest growing retail sector last year2. In fact, the shift away from the high street has even extended to shopping through television, with an explosion in the numbers of television shopping channels. Internet shopping is more than just being able to buy CDs and DVDs. People who shop online are able to do their food shopping online and have it delivered to their home. They also buy products like holidays, insurance and investments at cheaper prices than the high street. Shopping online brings many benefits which the high street is unable to bring, including: Choice - Online shopping offers easy access to a wider range of products than the high street, and consumers are able to shop around more easily for best deals. Convenience - Online shopping can save time and items can be delivered at the doorstep. Value for money - Many companies offer free delivery and often... Amazon.com (NASDAQ: AMZN) seems to sell just about every possible category of retail goods under the sun these days, as the venerable online e-tailer has expanded from books only to car parts, electronics, groceries and even pet supplied. With that said, most of these categories are products. Well, how about services Why doesn't Amazon.com sell them Or at least, allow third parties to sell services at the website of the world's largest online retail shopping site (Blogging stocks). The use of the Internet for purchasing goods and services has enormous potential. The Internet enables consumers to shop or do transactions 24 hours a day, all year around from almost any location. It also provides consumers more choices and allows them to have quick comparisons. Moreover, it allows consumers to interact, exchange ideas, and to compare experiences with other customers in the electronic communities. Though the Internet offers a range of advantages that collectively have been shown to be important enough to attract massive interest, recent surveys demonstrated that the penetration rate of Internet shopping remains low. It is a common practice of people to trust what they see physically and distrust everything that appears to be virtual with the fear of losing money and satisfaction. The following are the various aspects of high street stores and people buying them: Shopping used to be

ICT Consolidation using Virtualization Technologies a Cost Effective Research Paper

ICT Consolidation using Virtualization Technologies a Cost Effective Approach - Research Paper Example way of thinking about it is that virtualization provides a way for a company to invest in fewer physical machines and replace them with virtual machines. Virtualization can be thought of in terms of a way to create hardware through the use of software that mimics what the hardware will do but without the actual machine being used. Through this use, one physical machine can hold within it numerous virtual machines that can be more flexible in the ways in which they can be used. Virtualization provides a streamlining of the way in which IT is handled within a business. Virtualization is not a new idea in Information and Communication Technology as it is has been around for more than a decade. Technologies like Microsoft Terminal Services, VMware and Citrix Metaframe have been available in the industry for many years. Microsoft Terminal Services, VMware and Citrix Metaframe have been in use in small segments of implementation of business technology. These technologies have also proven to be excellent solutions for many IT problems, appearing impossible to solve at first, but a large scale deployment could not happen in the past due to the unjustified high costs of communication links. The industry lacked consolidated strategies and an implementation approach of Virtualization whereby the ICT Management did not focus on the holistic picture of its benefits to the business at strategic levels. The concept of virtualization has also been in conflict with the interests of a large number of ICT vendors; hardware vendors as well as software vendors. As a result of this the vendors have been grossly discouraged to use virtualization to ensure that they are able to push their own technologies to Companies. The spurt of continuous disuse of hardware at a high rate and poor justification of the Return of Investments in ICT hardware and software every year, has compelled the modern ICT Management to re-look at virtualization for possible implementation at larger scales.

Effect (s) on Crime Rates during the 1990s Compared to the Period of Research Paper

Effect (s) on Crime Rates during the 1990s Compared to the Period of 2000 to 2010 - Research Paper Example Some other attributed it to economic crisis and poverty, the influence of abuse in alcoholic drinks. the influence of excessive violence in films and videos, and the lack of respect for authority and the law. Yet, Douglas McDonald and Peter Finn (2000) noted that â€Å"use of illegal drugs began to be more widespread in the late 1960s, and that the increasing integration of the world’s economies has also expanded opportunities for organized criminal enterprises to traffic in drugs more efficiently and with less risk, to support terrorism, and to commit theft, often in a massive scale.†(p. 1) The effect of the drugs may lead to horrendous criminal activities. Aside from this, since drugs are very expensive, addicts frequently resort to crime such as burglaries, assaults and ambushes, to pay for their habit. However, McDonald and Finn also noted in their review article that in the period of 1960s, â€Å"the Federal Government had emerged to be more active in crime contro l†. ... Based from the records compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, wherein levels of crime are measured by the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report, the national overall crime rate has been decreasing since 1991. Their listed categorized reasons for the decreasing rates are: effective strength of law enforcement agencies; administrative and investigative emphases of law enforcement; policies of other components of the criminal justice system; citizen’s attitudes towards crime; population density and degree of urbanization; variations in composition of the population, particularly youth concentration; economic conditions, including median income, poverty level, and job availability; cultural factors and educational, recreational, and religious characteristics; family conditions with respect to divorce and family cohesiveness; stability of population with respect to residents’ mobility, commuting patterns, and transient factors; modes of transportation and highway syste m; climate; and crime reporting practices of the citizenry. (Marowitz, 2000, p. 1) For easier analysis of the factors that affect the decreased in crime rate, FBI’s crime data, the United States Crime Index Rate, classified crime rates into two major components, which are property and violent crime rates. Violent crimes categories, crimes committed against people, are murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery and aggravated assault, while property crimes include burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. (Marowitz, 2000, p. 3) Marowitz (2000) analysis on the statistics record of United States Crime Index, by the year 1960-1998, burglary rate’s decrease was seen from 1986 to 1991

Music and no music condition Essay Example for Free

Music and no music condition Essay The use of music seems to be a good way of operationalising the IV as many people do learn to the sound of music so therefore the difference between the music and no music condition should be marked. Also, getting the participants to write down the words is a good way of measuring the DV as it means it is easy to collect and analyse the data.  The study itself was quite simple and it seemed to measure what effects music has on learning. The independent variable was manipulated in such a way that it was hard for there to be anyway the results could have been affected significantly. Also because the measurement method was very simple there isnt a chance that the results could be interpreted in the wrong way. As the study was a laboratory experiment it doesnt have as high validity as a field experiment. Although the participants were not in a strange environment, the fact that they knew they were being studied may lower the ecological validity of the study.  Leading on from the fact that the study might have bad ecological validity, there is also the problem of the study having bad participant reactivity. Seeing as they know they are being studied and they know they have to learn the list of words given to them, they may try much harder than they normally would in their everyday life. There is the factor of social desirability and how some participants may deliberately try to recall fewer words. Improving Validity  Although it would be very difficult and expensive it could be possible to take the study outside the laboratory to increase the ecological validity of the study. You could monitor the participants while they are learning for something at home and while they are playing their own music in their rooms. They could then be tested unknowingly at school by one of their reachers.  However, even if these changes were made, the results would probably still stay the same. It has been proved before by numerous studies done by different scientists that music does help when trying to learn. This is why students are encouraged to listen to wordless music when revising for exams. These changes would also help improve participant reactivity if they are studied in a familiar environment. It would give them a sense of security and the need to look cool is not needed anymore and there is no extra pressure put on them to learn because they dont have the feeling they are being examined.  So, these changes could actually change the results slightly if only with a few participants. It might be found that there is higher recall in both conditions though but the difference may still stay the same. Reliability  The study is very easy to replicate as there is many references to other studies similar to it. Also because the study is quite simple in itself and very cheap to do there are very rarely any problems in recreating it for different purposes.  One possible confounding variable was introduced by the fact that there were four researchers in the room at the time of the study and they all knew the hypotheses. They may have tried give the participants help in recalling the words by giving hints and clues so that the results were more conclusive. This may have led to unreliable comparisons between conditions. As the study was a laboratory experiment it meant the researchers had good control over the study. The words that were chosen were all unambiguous so the participants would not have interpreted them in different ways. Also the test had been severely standardised. The words were shown on an over head projector so they were all looking at the same thing when learning was taking place. Also the testing was completed in the same room and at the same time of day for each condition so the participants were not feeling more tired in one condition than the other. Improving reliability  The only possible way to improve reliability was to keep researcher contact to a minimum or have a person in the room that was unaware of the hypothesis so they couldnt alter the study in any way. This would be difficult though because once they are in the room it does become quite obvious what the study is about.  This could be controlled for by using an outside civilian to be the one person giving the participants instructions on what they have to do. There could be one person chosen for each condition so that they dont guess what the study is about.  Even if these changes did increase the reliability of the study the only difference they might make to the results is to decrease the differences found between the two conditions.

Environmental Regulation And Western Food Culture In India Commerce Essay

Environmental Regulation And Western Food Culture In India Commerce Essay Environmental regulation and western food culture in India was almost non-existent. In pursuit of economic development, the Government of India liberalised the economy in food sector and kept environmental regulation of multinational corporations to a minimum in order to attract foreign direct investment. Multinational corporations have often been blamed for taking advantage of weak enforcements in India; however, in recent years, many of them have started to self-regulate and often set their environmental standards above the minimum compliances enforced by the Government of India. Advancement of foreign culture in India in the food industry has given many multinational companies (MNCs) an opportunity to grow and flourish. MNCs that set up operations in India or do business with Indian companies find that managing Indian workforce requires understanding Indian work culture that has evolved over several centuries. Thus there is a need to study the difference in the culture of Indian food industry. Many socio economic factors and other influencing factors are responsible for setting a new trend. These factors form the independent variables on which the preference of selection of food will depend i.e. dependent variables. These literatures are classified based on:- (a) Studies corresponding to major influencing factors governing selection and demand of ready-made food items. (b) Studies corresponding to the socioeconomic factors affecting the demand for ready-made food items. (c) Framework for examining the environmental management of MNCs The conclusion expected from the research is that the socio economic factors and other influential factors play an important role on consumers preference in food industry. Based on the finding, few suggestions and limitations affecting influential factors to Indian food industry for future research will be provided. And  my research will also investigate the change in environmental management  in food industry. Globalisation and the Indian food Industry A study into the key factors influencing consumer behaviour in the Indian food industry. A comparative study of past and present culture and environment in Indian food industry By Rounak Goenka G0759654K Project submitted to University of Bradford School of Management In partial fulfilment of the requirements For the Degree of BSc. (Hons.) in Business Management BBMD20932A CONTENTS: Page No. Abstractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦1 Chapter 1 Introduction : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..4 Objective of the Researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦4 Approach to the Researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦5 Chapter 2 Literature Review:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦6 Influencing factors affecting choice and demandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦6 Influence of Socio-economic factorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦9 Influence of Global flowsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..11 Framework for examining the environmental management of MNCsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..13 Chapter 3 An overview of culture in Indian food industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦14 Chapter 4 Study of globalized food culture evolving in Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦16 Chapter 5 PepsiCoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦18 Chapter 6 KFCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦21 Chapter 7 McDonaldsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.22 Chapter 8 Analysis and Conclusionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.24 Referencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦26 Chapter 1 Introduction : Objective of the Research Fast-food is not an alien concept to Indians; roadside shops have offered snacks-to-go since time immemorial and the country has a long tradition of indigenous fast-food served by a variety of street vendors.  With the rapidly growing middle class population and changing lifestyle, India is blessed with one of the fastest growing fast food markets in the world. The fast food industry in India has evolved with the changing lifestyles of the young Indian population. There are many factors that make  India an attractive market for Western consumer goods. With one-sixth of the worlds population,  India is the second most populous country  in the world, following China. The purposes  of this research is to compare the attitudes about  new food purchases between innovators/early  adopters and non-innovators and also is to empirically substantiate if the forces of globalization are impacting consumer culture and behavioural traits in a developing country (India). The Indian fast food market has been witnessing rapid growth on the back of positive developments and presence of massive investments. Currently, market growth is largely fuelled by the rising young population, working women, hectic schedules, and increasing disposable income of the middle-class households. Some of the unique properties of fast food like quick served, cost advantage, etc are making it highly popular among the masses. Thus, India offers enormous opportunities for both domestic as well as international players. In the past, the overwhelming majority of Indian consumers had little purchasing power, and spent almost all of their income on the basic necessities. Industrial growth and increasing affluence of the middle classes, however, have led to important increases  in consumer demand and spending power. Regardless of this compulsory Indian input, as yet, these western companies cannot match the popularity of local Indian chains such as Nirulas or the corner shops selling indigenous  foods. To compete, they are not only changing their business models but also their identity. There has been a drastic change, as seen in past, in taste and preferences of the consumers in India. India has taken a step forward in adopting western culture. Thus foreign firms have been adapting Indian culture while running their business here. In past there were many restrictions in the culture of consumers in India, but now many of them has moved forward with the taste of new generation. But some of them are s till very conservative towards the food sector. Approach to the Research On the back of rising disposable income, changing consumer behavior, huge population base, India is witnessing a tremendous growth is its fast food industry over the past few years. Other reasons like rising number of nuclear families, exposure to western cuisine and increasing number of employed women are also having a significant impact on the eating out trends and growth of the fast food industry in the country. As a result, all the international players like Pizza Hut, Dominos, McDonalds and KFC, etc. are investing huge amount of money to grab a share of this highly lucrative market.   Three big food companies have been taken in consideration for this research. And their case studies are been discussed below, which shows us how did the company manage to change its cultural environment to adjust with the country requirements and ethical issues. This paper focuses on determining a  food  choice model in wake of changing  food  and eating habits in India, using literature reviews, exploratory surveys and reliable data sources.  This case study focuses on growing trends towards organic  food  and green consumerism in view  of  rising global obesity with fast  food  consumption in Western countries and significantly very less in India despite obesity being an epidemic in India. Literature review used in this research is:- Influencing factors affecting choice and demand Influence of Socio-economic factors Influence of Global flows Framework for examining the environmental management of MNCs With the help of above literature review we can discuss how the taste of Indian consumers has been changed and also we can analyse how the companies by changing its strategy has achieved their goal in Indian market. Findings Based on literature reviews and exploratory surveys, the key determinants impacting consumers  food  choice are passion for eating out, socialize, ambience and taste for school and college goers and convenience for dual-income families in urban India. Findings indicate that fast  food  companies can no longer rely on convenience as USP in India, unless the implications  of  same on consumers health are given equal importance in the years to come. Chapter 2 Literature Review: Influencing factors affecting choice and demand :- A households demand for food away from home also may depend on the ages of family members. One reason is that the tastes may change as people progress with their age. The empirical study conducted by Byrene et al, (1998) observes that the households with younger members tend to spend more money on fast food restaurants, while households with older people tend to spend more money on full service restaurants. In this context, Blisard (2001) while, stating the significance of age in the demand for food items prepared outside home, observes similarity in the behaviour by the members of different generations at the same points in their lives. According to Friddle et al., (2001) the sensitivity of taste buds diminishes with age and hence, they observe that the older people may demand foods with bolder flavours. In addition to the taste factor, certain textural properties are also intrinsic in judgments of qualities like crispness, crunchiness, and freshness all of which are important in the selection of food items. Barthes (1975) has suggested that there is a general symbolic opposition between crisp, brisk, and sharp foods and soft, soothing, and sweet foods in Western cultures. Texture and flavour may also be associated with palatability and digestibility. Firth (1966) observed that people sometimes use these descriptive characteristics to distinguishing between preferred and less preferred foods and those consumed under normal or starvation conditions. The theory of household production proposed by Becker (1965) explains how prices, income, demographics, and time constraints can all influence a households purchases of items like food. He extended the classical demand theory to explain these aspects more elaborately. According to this economic model, the cost of food purchased includes the cost of consumption, cost of preparing the equivalent food in the home and also the cost of cleaning up after a meal or snack. In the context of the Beckers model, a household manager can be defined as the person primarily responsible for shopping, cooking, cleaning, and other household chores. In the study of food choices on Native Americans Galloway and Gibbs (1976) concluded that inadequate nutrition levels were the result of lack of purchasing power rather than the lack of nutrition knowledge. Similarly, DeWalt and Pelto (1976) conducted a study on food rating with factor analysis- as the basis for analytical construct. In the context of this study, the respondents in a Mexican village were asked to rate food according to taste, healthfulness, and economic value, and found that people had accurate notions of nutrition. Also, this study found that people chose food mainly on budgetary considerations. The factors related to food choice in this study were identified through factor analysis from sets of food choices provided by respondents. In similar line of thought Schuftan (1979) stated that the real problem in malnutrition is lack of food-purchasing power from the buyers and hence, he suggested that the nutrition programs should address malnutrition in economic rather t han nutritional terms; that is, they should measure deficits in the purchasing power of the households and give priority to nutrition programs that generate income, new employment opportunities in food production, and food-related services. The impact of specific economic and demographic characteristics of a household, in its demand for ready-made food items are considered very important. In this context, McCracken and Brandt (1987) analyzed the relationship between some key household characteristics and expenditure at different categories of restaurant. The empirical analyses of their study have shown the influencing pattern of economic and demographic characteristics of households in their demand for restaurant made food items. Also, they stated that an inverse relationship could be observed between the number of people in the household and its requirement for food prepared outside home. The significant finding indicated in the above study observes decrease in the expenditure of large households for food items prepared outside home. This is understandable for the simple reason that cost of cooking in terms of fuel expense is less, if food is prepared for more number of people. Based on the household survey data from t he year 1970s and 1980s, Nayga and Capps (1994) studied the relationship between a households characteristics and its frequency of dinning at each category of food selling enterprises. Hiemstra and Kirn (1995) analyzed the impact of household characteristics on expenditure by eating occasion and market segment. A specific household may demand more restaurant made food items if both husband and wife work outside. In such situations food prepared outside home will form a convenient meal option if the sellers are reasonably accessible. Two studies conducted by Popkinn and Solon (1976) and Popkin (1980) identified deficiencies in the food intake of children who have their mothers with employment. Further, these studies confirmed no such deficiencies in the food intake of the children who have their mothers without employment. According to Byrene et al., (1998) the spending for fast food is increasing along with the number of hours, the household manager works in the labour force. In this context, Rajmohan and Panchanatham (2002) reported that the female employment in IT jobs makes women to struggle a lot in terms of fulfilling the domestic responsibilities like preparing food items at home. This practically means that more office responsibilities for women will cause increased demand for ready- made food items in the market. Influence of Socio-economic factors The booming Indian economy (Lenartowicz and Balasubramanian, 2009) and the huge Indian consumer market (Enderwick, 2009) is encouraging many researchers to study the various socio-cultural dimensions influencing the Indian consumers behaviour (Kopalle et al., 2010). Another stream of study that is luring leading researchers (Craig et al., 2009; Yaprak, 2008) is the influence of forces of globalization on the changing consumer culture of a society. Such influence, according to Ger and Belk (1996), would be more intensive on the consumers in the developing economies of the world, India being one of them. In fact, Durvasula and Lysonski (2008) and Mathur et al. (2008) have empirically shown how forces of globalization are bringing in changes in the culture of Indian consumers. One such culture based dimension of consumer behaviour is materialism. The current work studies materialism, a construct defined by Belk (1984) and Richins (1987) giving importance/being attached to worldly possessions, and its influence on consumer culture, which encompasses the prevalent cultural influence among consumers, in the Indian context. Extant research suggests that globalization is rapidly influencing consumer culture in India with people showing increasing predisposition towards foreign brands (PTFB), a construct defined by Bandyopadhyay (2001), Batra et al. (2000) and Kinra (2006) as admiration of foreign brands and intention to purchase them vis- a`-vis home countrys brands. Such cultural influences are also likely to impact Indian consumers purchase behaviour, e.g. credit card usage (Chibber, 2010), impulse purchases (Datamonitor Report, 2010) and consideration of shopping as an enjoyable behaviour (Ghosh et al., 2010). Although marketing scholars (Cleveland et al, 2009; Richins and Dawson, 1992) have already established the impact of ma terialism on these important consumption traits, studying the same in the Indian context would provide interesting insights for both scholars and practitioners alike. The paper thus makes an effort to study extent of materialistic values (MV) amongst Indian consumers; differences in such values based on demographics; whether such values impact various buying behaviour traits of Indian consumers and are itself being impacted by the onslaught of forces of globalization. Materialism among Indian consumers has been studied by Chaudhuri and Haldar (2005) and Cleveland et al. (2009). These studies brought forth the relationship that materialism has with cultural adherence and regional differences with-in India (Chaudhuri and Haldar, 2005) and materialisms impact on various purchase behaviour like purchasing frequency of luxury products, etc. (Cleveland et al., 2009). Though Cleveland et al. (2009) also attempted to study the relationship between materialism and various demographic variables like age, income, gender and educational qualification for the Indian sample; they could not get significant results on any of the relationships. Both Cleveland et al. (2009) and Chaudhuri and Haldar (2005) used student samples in their study, which could limit the generalization of their findings. Further, neither of these studies attempted to operationalize globalization as an antecedent impacting the MV of Indian consumers. These studies also did not empirically s tudy the impact of other demographic factors (besides age) like income, educational qualification and gender on the MV of Indian consumers. The present study addresses these existing gaps in the extant literature. Pettys and Balagopal (1998) are of the view that since individual attachment in India is seen as temporary and as an illusion, Indians are very non-materialistic. They also believe that an inherent risk of westernization is that the Indian consumers might become more materialistic. On the other hand, Venkatesh (1995) states that Indians are not averse to materialism because in Indian culture spiritualism and materialism are not considered opposites, instead they belong to the same realm of experience and hence there is no confrontation of beliefs if both are adopted together. Still, compared to other developed nations like USA and New Zealand, Indians are relatively less materialistic (Ger and Belk, 1996). This might be due to conservatism preached by the Indian culture. The results of Chaudhuri and Haldars (2005), empirical study on Indian respondents showed that there is a significant negative correlation between the degree of materialism and the intensity of cultural adherence. In other words the more a person moves away from the Indian culture, the more are the chances that materialism will manifest itself in him. Influence of Global flows Globalization is leading to various types of global flows across the world. According to Appadurai (1990), there are five types of global flows mediascapes (flows of image and communication), ethnoscapes (flows of tourists, migrants and foreign Students), ideoscapes (flows of political ideas and ideologies), technoscapes (flows of technology and know-how) and finanscapes (flows of capital and money). Considering the influence of these global flows, Craig et al. (2009) observe that in todays world, cultural products and lifestyles from the developed world are spreading across developing countries. This is the result of contact through traditional media such as TV and films, as well as through new media such as the internet, electronic social networking, blogs, etc. (Craig et al., 2009). This phenomenon, according to Craig et al. (2009), is changing the cultural fabric and patterns of a society as products, icons, lifestyles and rituals of one culture are being adopted by another (Craig and Douglas, 2006). Further, its pervasive influence on consumer behaviour is affecting consumer tastes, preferences and purchase behaviour (Douglas and Craig, 1997). Venkatesh and Swamy (1994) state that Indian consumers, even if they have not travelled abroad, are still being influenced by the consumerism (or consumer culture) brought by foreign influence through media and products (foreign brands). Ger and Belk (1996) state that the reason for this is that with the coming of globalization and westernization, developing countries consumers emulate the lifestyles and consumption patterns of more economically developed nations. Many studies (Batra et al., 2000; Kinra, 2006; Maxwell, 2001) have shown that Indian consumers have a very high PTFB. According to Eckhardt and Mahi (2004), th ese foreign brands are also bringing foreign cultural influence with them in the Indian market place. Since 1991, India has witnessed a dramatic increase of multinational corporation activity, giving rise to tremendous economic development of the country (Emde, 1999). From provision of services to manufacturing, multinational corporations (MNCs) play a big role in almost all the economic sectors in India. Consequently, their business operations impact the physical environment of the country on a large scale. In the post-industrialized era, MNCs in the developing world are changing their environmental management in the context of various internal and external drivers. These changes often lead to an introduction of new strategies, systems, and practices across the environmental management of MNCs (Moser, 2001). Despite significant environmental policies introduced in India, such as the Water Act (1974), Air Act (1981), and Environmental Protection Act (1986), its environmental quality has continued to deteriorate (Reich Bowonder, 1992). Indias Industrial Policy of July 1991 radically pushed for an open economy by globalization, liberalization, and privatization. The policy opened up Indias economy to foreign direct investment by providing facilities to foreign companies to invest in different fields of economic activity (Goyal, 2006). The economic policy reforms of India removed constraints for entry of MNCs into India, allowed Indian companies to form joint ventures with the foreign companies, and encouraged a free inter-country transfer of technology and labor (Goyal, 2006).   An open economy, large manpower, and a weak environmental regulatory framework reduced the cost of doing business in India as compared to other developing countries such as Brazil, Mexico, China, and Indonesia (Jain et.al, 2006). Therefore, these factors made India a preferred destination of MNC activity from developed countries. Framework for examining the environmental management of MNCs The project draws from the framework within organization theory and specifically on Andrew Pettigrews famous work on the management of strategic change (Pettigrew, 1987).   His framework has been widely adapted to study how changes in the management of environmental and social issues by MNCs operating in less developed countries can lead to sustainable development (Moser, 2001). Pettigrew offers a framework -consisting of three dimensions: context, content and process. He suggests that organizational change process and decision-making can be understood in terms of these three inter-linked dimensions. The context of change is concerned with how an MNCs internal context and aspects of external environment promote or inhibit the change process.   Internal context refers to characteristics of the MNCs internal organization: its structure, culture, and politics, and how these have shaped/continue to shape its environmental management (Moser, 2001). The external context can be sub-divi ded into formal and informal components.   The formal or institutional component of context consists of factors such as headquarter policies, host countrys (India in this case) regulatory framework, investor pressure, standard industry codes of conduct, international regulations, international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and media comment. The informal or socio-political component consists of factors such as brand image, risk management, competition, eco-efficiency (cost effectiveness with reduced environmental impact), and pressure from local or domestic NGOs, public, and local communities. The content dimension of the framework refers to the economic, social and environmental impacts (both positive and negative) of current MNC practices and operations. The process dimension refers to how change within an MNC is effected over time.   The adoption of environmental management changes can also be understood in terms of the interrelated dimensions of context, content, and process. This research focuses on the content and context dimensions as they apply to the case study. In the context dimension, only the external aspects containing formal and informal institutions are studied.   These external aspects play the role of drivers that change the environmental management of MNCs. The content dimension is studied to direct the second research question about the implementation of new environmental strategies, systems, and practices to incorporate the changes driven or impeded by the contextual factors listed above. Chapter 3 An overview of culture in Indian food industry Due to the cultural and personal attitudes  of Indian consumers about food and the perceived importance of fresh food, processed food is a  new concept to this population, and thus should be viewed as a  new product and an innovation. Countless  new products are introduced on world markets only to fail and to be taken off the market within a few months. Usually, the failure  of a  new product is accompanied by substantial financial losses to manufacturers, middlemen, and retailers. Market researchers, therefore, need to examine carefully the relationship between  product and marketing innovation, and other important variables that make the introduction  of a  product successful  in new markets. Food diversity is an implicit characteristic of  Indias diversified culture consisting of different regions and states within. Indians like to have home-cooked meals a concept supported religiously as well as individually. However, with times due to increasing awareness and influence of western culture, there is a shift in  food  consumption patterns among many Indian families. It started with eating outside and moved on to accepting a wide variety of delicacies from world-over. Liberalization of the Indian economy in the early 1990s and the subsequent entry of new players set a significant change in lifestyles and the  food  tastes of Indians.   Fast food  is one which gained acceptance of Indian palate after the multinational  fast food  players adapted the basic Indian  food  requirements viz. vegetarian meals and selected non-vegetarian options excluding beef and pork totally from their menu. Multinational  fast food outlets initially faced protests and non-acceptance from Indian consumers. This was due to primary perception that these  fast food  players serve only non-vegetarian and do not serve vegetarian meals. In addition,  fast food  is perceived expensive besides being out-of-way meals in Indian culture. Today,  fast food industry is getting adapted to Indian  food  requirements and is growing in  India. It is gaining acceptance primarily from Indian youth and younger generations and is becoming part of life. Keeping in view the Indian habits and changing preferences towards  food  consumption, this study has its focus to understand the factors affecting the perception of Indian youth, in the age group of 20-30 years, towards consumption of  fast food  as well as towards making choice of  fast food  outlets. All the popular fast food chains  have chalked out massive plans for  expanding their  business and presence throughout the  country. Moreover, foreign fast-food chains are aggressively increasing their presence in the country. International fast-food chains such as McDonalds, Dominos, Pizza Hut and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) are doing brisk business  in Indias ready-cooked meal fast  food segment. Chapter 4 Study of globalized food culture evolving in India: Some traditional attitudes of Indians, however, have created challenges to foreign companies that attempt to make a successful entry into the country.  Food is believed to be an effective and tangible differentiator of consumer preferences among different cultures. Indian consumers tend to be traditional  in their approach to food products, thus, unlike many countries  in the developing world, Western  food is not widely consumed  in India. The highly distinct tastes of Indian consumers are a challenge for many multinationals seeking to enter the Indian  food market. Unlike citizens of other rapidly industrializing countries, about 40 per cent of Indians are vegetarian, according to reports  in The Economist (1997). Even among Indian meat eaters, many consumers have an aversion to beef and/or pork and dislike frozen meat and fish. Despite these challenges, the US International Trade Administration (2000) estimated that the processed food market  in India was worth over US$22.2 million  in 1999. However, marketers need to develop a very high level of expertise  in tapping into this potential market since imported  food products are not widely accepted by the general Indian population. Research has demonstrated that younger Indian consumers are more open to novel  food products and are more likely to perceive imported  food as high quality as compared with locally produced  products. Direction of business globalization it has to be not only about uniformed customization of the economies of the different countries and human need, but also about sensitive and understanding approach to local and national values and principles. In practise the most mistakes are made along  this chain of management processes. The success of the foreign business is not only determined by a good quality of the products but a solid preparation, search for adequate business  partners, market knowledge, attentive acquisition of local staff and a well-founded business concept. For success of fast food  restaurant the store image is  very important. Firstly, they are functional qualities of a store (assortment, store layout, location, price-value relation). Secondly, psychological attributes refer to the consumers perception of the store attributes, such as  friendliness, helpfulness of store personnel or attractiveness of decor. For kids market segment and market segment of young people students the emotional material as a part of store image is of great importance. Shoppers differentiate one store from another by the images of each project. The simplest approach to such image projection is likely to be based solely on  price-quality relation. After the liberalization policy that came in force in 1991, fast food industry grown in India as multinational fast food providers have set up their business either jointly with Indian partners or independently. From next chapters we will discuss about the companies environmental management and the cultural change. And we will see how companies adapt to these situations. Chapter 5 PepsiCo In this research we will discuss about the change in environmental manageme